黑白奶牛是最大的奶牛，分布最广，牛奶产量最高。它原产于荷兰的西弗里斯兰省和北荷兰省；并分布在法国北部和德国的荷斯坦（Holstein）省。

由于荷兰荷尔斯泰因牛的影响，中国荷斯坦牛类似于两用牛。毛色一般为黑白，花层明显，前额多为白色。腹部底部，膝盖关节下方的四肢和尾端大部分为白色，体格细致结实，身体结构匀称。

Overview

The 15th century has become famous all over the world. In North America, it is called Holstein-Friesian cattle or Holstein cattle for short. In the Netherlands and other European countries, it is called Friesian cattle. Because of its black and white coat color, it is also known as the black-and-white cow.

species

Holstein cattle are divided into two types: milk and meat. Those raised in the United States, Canada, Japan and other countries are milk-based; the Netherlands

It is a dual-use type that is raised in other European countries. The Chinese black-and-white cattle are bred by crosses between imported sires and local female cattle, and tend to be milky.

Morphological characteristics

The head is narrow and long and beautiful, with a white three-pointed star or white nose. The horns are short, curved forward, and the abdomen and hindquarters are well developed. The body shape is slightly wedge-shaped. The coat has black and white patches, and the abdomen, forelimbs, joints, reverse limbs and tail broom are all white. Dairy-type black and white cattle are tall, with obvious edges and corners. The breasts are particularly developed and the veins are obvious. Adult bulls weigh 1,000 to 1200 kilograms, and cows weigh 650 to 750 kilograms. The average annual milk production is 6500-7500 kg, and the milk fat rate is 3.4-3.8%. The dual-purpose black-and-white cow has a slightly smaller body, a low, wide and deep body, and a flat, flat udder. The breasts are well-proportioned and well attached. Bulls weigh 900 to 1100 kilograms, and cows weigh 550 to 650 kilograms. The average annual milk production is 4500-6000 kg, and the milk fat rate is 3.9-4.5%. The meat production performance is quite good, the fattening slaughter rate can reach 55-60%, the meat is tender and juicy, and marble-like.